How do laser welding machines work?

Laser welding technology

The working principle of laser welding technology is based on the principle of heat generation by a laser source. The laser sources in this method also vary, different laser sources being suitable for different types of materials and their physical and chemical properties.

Thus, when a beam of high laser energy is focused on a point on a metal plate, it causes the plate to melt at that point. The depth of the hole is managed by various welding methods and varies accordingly.

This process occurs at the seam of two metals or materials to be welded together. However, there are various methods of laser welding, depending on the type, thickness and quality of the material to be welded.

Laser welding methods

There are various laser welding methods that are mainly used in various industries. Let's discuss some of these laser welding techniques to give you a better understanding of the laser welding process.

Conduction Mode Welding

Conduction welding is a method that provides you with a wide weld seam that is shallow. This welding method is also classified as follows.

Direct heating method

The direct heating method utilizes heat transfer from a heat source. This subsequently leads to the melting of the base material and eventually allows it to form a weld with other materials.

Energy Transfer Method

In contrast, the energy transfer method is slightly different in that it utilizes an intermediate material that conducts heat from the heat source to the weld seam. Typically, it is the absorbent ink that serves as the intermediate material for energy transfer.

Again, by directing the heat to an angle in the joint, butt-jointing is possible.

Conduction/penetration mechanism

This mechanism works at medium energy and produces deeper holes than the conduction method, but shallower than the penetration method.

Penetration method or keyhole welding mechanism

Another method of welding using a laser is the use of the keyhole method. This method focuses the beam of the laser onto the material, creating a deep thermal penetration. Thus, a hole is formed in the field by this method.

This hole is later filled with metal vapor, which forms a bonding material with other metals. As a result, the resulting weld has a large depth to width ratio and creates a tight weld that is long lasting.